RA® Materials ZERON® 100 Publications
RA® Materials publishes much of the data generated by its extensive Research
and Development programme and service experience. Below are the reports available
in the open literature.
R E F E R E N C E S
81. R Francis & G Byrne, “Gasket Selection for Stainless Steels in Seawater”,
Materials Performance, 46, 10 (2007) 50 (Published version of NACE Paper.
07262; item 78).
80. R Francis and G Warburton, “The Threshold Stress for Initiation of Hydrogen
Embrittlement in Various Product Forms of Z100 Superduplex Stainless Steel”. Presented
at Eurocorr 2007, Freiburg, Germany, Sept 2007, EFC.
79. R Francis and G Warburton, “Some Applications of Z100 Superduplex Stainless
Steel in Marine Heat Exchangers.” Presented at Eurocorr 2007, Freiburg, Germany,
Sept 2007, EFC.
78. R Francis and G Byrne, “Factors Affecting Gasket Selection for Stainless Steels
in Seawater”, Paper 262, Corrosion 2007, Nashville, TN, USA. March 2007, NACE International.
77. R Francis and G Warburton, “Area of Use for Z100 (UNS S32760) Superduplex Stainless
Steel Wireline”, Presented at Eurocorr 2006, Maastricht, Netherlands, EFC
76. G Byrne, “Developments in Stainless Steels Applicable to Desalination”, IDA
International water Forum, Dubai, UAE, March 2006 (PowerPoint only)
75. R Francis and G Byrne, “The Performance of Z100 (UNS S32760) Superduplex Stainless
Steel in Sulphuric Acid, Paper 216, Corrosion 2006, San Diego, CA, USA, March 2006,
NACE International.
74. R Francis and S A Hebdon, “A Comparison of the Corrosion Resistance of Cast
and Wrought Superduplex Stainless Steel”, 58th T&O Conference of
the Steel Founders Society of America, Chicago, IL, USA, November 2004.
73. R Francis and G Byrne, “Experiences with Superduplex Stainless Steel in Seawater”,
Stainless Steel World, Vol. 16, June 2004, KCI, page 53 (update of item 68).
72. G Byrne, R. Francis, G Warburton and M Maligas, “The Selection of Superduplex
Stainless Steel for Oilfield Applications”, Paper 123, Corrosion 2004, New Orleans,
LA, USA, Mar 2004, NACE International.
71. R Francis and L. M. Phillips, “Developments in the use of Stainless Steels for
Pumps and Valves”, I MECH E conference “Advanced Materials for Fluid Machinery”,
Feb, 2004, London.
70. R Francis and G Byrne, “Zeron 100 Superduplex Stainless Steel – An Advanced
Alloy for Industrial Applications”, Presented at 2003 Beijing International Duplex
Stainless Steel Conference, Beijing, China, October 2003.
69. G Byrne, R Francis, G Warburton, R.J Bullock and C Kuzler, “The Selection, Design,
Fabrication and Performance of Zeron 100® in SWRO Applications.”
Presented at IDA Conference, Bahamas, October 2003.
68. R Francis and G Byrne, “Experiences with Superduplex Stainless Steel in Seawater”,
Paper 03255, presented at Corrosion 2003, San Diego, CA, USA. March 2003, NACE.
67. R Francis and L Phillips, “Cost Effective Materials Selection for Pumps”, Pump
Engineer, 1, 1 (2003) 44
66. R Francis, G Byrne and G R Warburton “The Use of Super Duplex Stainless Steel
for High Pressure Acid Leach Circuits – A Supplier’s Perspective”. ALTA Ni/Co Conference,
Perth, Australia. May 15th to 18th, 2001.
65. R Francis & G.R. Warburton “ The Effect of Post Weld Surface Treatments
on the Corrosion Resistance of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Welds in Sea Water”.
Paper 00630, NACE Corrosion 2000, USA, March 2000.
64. G Byrne, R Francis & G Warburton “Variation in Mechanical Properties and
Corrosion Resistance of Different Alloys within the Generic Designation UNS S32760”.
Presented at Duplex America 2000, Houston, Texas, USA, 29th Feb - 1st
March 2000, KCI.
63. R Francis, “Coupling of superduplex stainless steel and cast nickel-aluminum
bronze in sea water”. British Corrosion Journal Vol. 34. No. 2. Page 139, 1999.
62. R Francis, G Byrne, G.R. Warburton “ Experiences with Zeron 100 Super Duplex
Stainless Steel in the Process Industries”, Paper No. 99007, Presented at Stainless
Steel World Conference 1999, The Hague, Netherlands, October 1999.
61. R Francis, G.R. Warburton “A Model for the corrosion of the depleted zones around
sigma precipitates produced during welding of super duplex stainless steel.” Paper
No. 99006, presented at Stainless Steel World Conference 1999, The Hague, Netherlands,
October 1999.
60. S. Hebdon “ The production of high quality castings in duplex and super duplex
stainless steels”, Presented at 53rd Annual Conference of Steel Founders
Society of America, Chicago, USA, September 1999.
59. R Francis, G Byrne & H S Campbell. “The Corrosion of Some Stainless Steels
in a Marine Mud” Paper 313, Corrosion ’99, San Antonio, USA. April 1999, NACE.
58. R Francis, G Byrne, G Warburton & S Hebdon - "Applications and Experiences
with Super Duplex Stainless Steel in Wet FGD Scrubber Systems". Paper 479,
Corrosion ‘98, San Diego, CA, USA. March 1998, NACE.
57. R Francis, G Byrne & K Jones - "Performance at Reduced Cost; Zeron
100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel Sets the Pace". IDA World Congress on Desalination
and Water Reuse, Oct 1997. Madrid, Spain, Vol. III.
56. R Francis, G Byrne & G Warburton - "The uses of Super Duplex Stainless
Steels in the Nickel Mining Industry." CIM Conference, Sudbury, Canada, August
1997.
55. C S Wiesner “Toughness requirements for duplex and super duplex stainless steels”,
Paper No. 107, Duplex Stainless Steels 97, Maastricht, Netherlands, 21-23 October
1997. (from TWI GSP 5661, co-sponsored by Weir Materials)
54. G R Warburton, T Healiss, C Mockler - “Nitrogen loss and its prevention during
the welding of Zeron 100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel”, Paper No. 119, Duplex Stainless
Steels 97, Maastricht, Netherlands, 21-23 October 1997.
53. G R Warburton, Dr R Francis, C Mockler - “Experiences with Zeron 100 Super Duplex
Stainless Steel in Industrial Applications”. Presented at NACE Israel Symposium
on New Alloys for Corrosion Control, Tel Aviv, June 18, 1997. Published in: Corrosion
Reviews Vol.16, No.3, (p.219), 1998.
52. Dr R Francis, Dr G Byrne and G R Warburton - "Effects of Cathodic Protection
on Duplex Stainless Steels in Seawater". Corrosion, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp234-240
(1997).
51. Dr R Francis, Dr G Byrne and G R Warburton - "Role of Environmental and
Metallurgical Variables on the Resistance of Duplex Stainless Steels to Sulphide
SCC. Corrosion 97. Paper No. 12
50. Dr R Francis, Dr G Byrne, G R Warburton - "Experiences with Highly Alloyed
Duplex Stainless Steels in Sea Water Systems." European Workshop on Sea Water
Corrosion of Stainless Steels - Mechanisms and Experiences. Trondheim, Norway Nov
1995 Published by EFC
49. G R Warburton, Dr R Francis, Dr G Byrne, S Bukovinsky - "Experiences with
Zeron 100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel in Industrial Applications”. Australian Materials
Conference, Perth, Australia. October 1995.
48. Dr R Francis, J B Irwin, Dr G Byrne - "Repassivation of High Alloy Stainless
Steels in Chlorinated Sea Water”. British Corrosion Journal 30 (1995) 237.
47. Dr R Francis, Dr G Byrne, G R Warburton - "The effect of Cathodic Protection
on Duplex Stainless Steels in Seawater”. Paper 290 Corrosion '95 NACE. Orlando,
Florida, USA March 1995.
46. Dr R Francis, J Irwin, Dr G Byrne, G R Warburton -"The Effects of Insulation
Defects on the Corrosion of Sub-Sea Super Duplex Stainless Steel Process Pipes”.
Paper 57 Corrosion '95 NACE. Orlando, Florida, USA March 1995.
45. G R Warburton, Dr G Byrne, Dr R Francis, "Application and Fabrication experiences
of a 25% chromium super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32760) within the oil and gas
industry", Proc I.EM Conference, Selection, Fabrication and Performance of
Corrosion Resistant Alloys, Kuala Lumpur, January 1995.
44. A W Stevenson and S D Tilford ‑ "Application of Zeron 100 to subsea
pipelines" –unpublished
43A. R.N.Gunn, “Comparison of the corrosion and mechanical properties of weldments
in wrought 25%Cr and superduplex stainless steels”. Paper 32, Duplex Stainless Steels
1994, Glasgow, 13-16 November 1994. (from TWI GSP 5632, co-sponsored by Weir Materials).
43. C I K Sinclair and B W O Shepherd “Non-destructive testing of welds in duplex
stainless steels”. Duplex Stainless Steels 94, Glasgow, 13-16 November 1994, Paper
63. (from TWI GSP 5623, co-sponsored by Weir Materials).
42. C J Mockler, M A Spence, A Humphreys ‑ "The Fracture Toughness of
a 25% Cr Super Duplex Stainless Steel". Duplex Stainless Steels 94, Glasgow,
13‑16 November 1994, Paper 52.
41. R Francis, J Irwin, G Byrne ‑ "The Repassivation of High Alloy Stainless
Steels" ‑ Duplex Stainless Steel 1994, Glasgow, 13‑16 November
1994, Paper 22.
40. R Francis ‑ "Environmental Cracking and Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless
Steel" ‑ Duplex Stainless Steel 94, Glasgow, 13‑16 November 1994,
Paper K IV.
39. C F G Baxter, G R Warburton ‑ "The Development of a Thermal Model
as a basis for welding Zeron 100" ‑ Duplex Stainless Steel 94, Glasgow,
13‑16 November 1994, Paper 18.
38. R Francis, S Bukovinsky ‑ "The Chemical Resistance of Zeron 100"
‑ Duplex Stainless Steel 94, Glasgow, 13‑16 November 1994, Paper 21.
37. G R Warburton, M A Spence, T Healiss ‑ "Fabrication and Qualification
Experiences with Duplex, Super Duplex and Super Austenitic Alloys" ‑
Duplex Stainless Steel 94, Glasgow, 13‑16 November 1994, Paper 24.
36. M A Spence, G R Warburton ‑ "An investigation into the effects of
reeling and straightening on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
of Zeron 100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel for use in sub‑sea flowline applications"
‑ Duplex Stainless Steel 94, Glasgow, 13‑16 November 1994, Paper 23.
35. G Byrne, M A Spence, B Olsen, P J Houghton, J McMahon ‑ "Advantages
of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) production routes for process manifolds" ‑
Duplex Stainless Steel 94, Glasgow, 13‑16 November 1994, Paper 19.
34. G R Warburton, M A Spence, S Whittaker ‑ "The effect of welding gas
composition on the serviceability of Zeron 100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel"
‑ Duplex Stainless Steel 94, Glasgow, 13‑16 November 1994, Paper 25.
33. R Francis ‑ "Galvanic Corrosion of High Alloy Stainless Steels in
Sea Water", British Corrosion Journal, 1994, 29, (1), 53‑57.
32. G R Warburton, M A Spence, S R Potter ‑"Dual Sync Pulse Orbital Welding
of Zeron 100" ‑ AWS Advanced Joining Conference 1994, Cocoa Beach, Florida,
March 1994.
31. R Francis and G Byrne ‑ "The Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels
in Sour Service". Paper 64, Corrosion '94 ‑ NACE ‑ Baltimore, USA,
March 1994.
30. R Francis ‑ "The Performance of Duplex Stainless Steels in Chemical
Environments". Paper 387 Corrosion '94 NACE Baltimore, USA, March 1994.
29. R Francis ‑ "The Hydrogen Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel
under Cathodic Protection in Sea Water". To be published in Journal of Offshore
Technology, Feb 1994.
28. C F Baxter, A W Stevenson & G R Warburton ‑ "Welding of Zeron
100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel", Third International Offshore & Polar
Engineering Conference, Singapore, June 1993.
27. R Francis ‑ "The Role of Duplex Stainless Steels for Downhole Tubulars".
Paper 7319 Offshore Technology Conference. Houston, USA, May 1993.
26. R Francis ‑ "Discussion on: Influence of Sigma Phase on general and
pitting corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel by J H Potgieter".
Brit Corr. J. 27 (1992) 319.
25. C F G Baxter, J B Irwin and R Francis ‑ "Weld Zone Hardness and Serviceability
of Zeron 100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel" ‑ Third International Offshore
and Polar Engineering Conference. Singapore, June 1993.
24. C F G Baxter, A W Stevenson and G R Warburton ‑ "Welding of Zeron
100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel" ‑ Third International Offshore and
Polar Engineering Conference, Singapore, June 1993.
23. A W Stevenson, M W Hukle ‑ "Development of welding procedures for
super duplex stainless steel Zeron 100" ‑ AWS Conference 1993.
22. A W Stevenson ‑ "Development of Orbital Welding Procedures for Zeron
100 Pipe". 8th Annual North American Welding Research Conference (Columbus,
Ohio) ‑ October 1992.
21. A W Stevenson, P C Gough, J C M Farrar ‑"The weldability of Super
Duplex Alloys ‑ Welding Consumable and Procedure Development for Zeron 100"
‑ Applications of Stainless Steel, Stockholm 9‑11 June 1992.
20. R Francis ‑ "The Corrosion of Duplex Stainless Steels in Sour Service".
Sour Service ‑ Problems and Solutions, Aberdeen Nov 1991, TWI.
19. R Francis ‑ "Duplex and super duplex stainless steel: State of the
Art and Future Developments" ‑ UK Corrosion '91, Manchester October 1991,
Publ by I Corr.
18. G R Warburton, M A Spence and A W Stevenson ‑ "The use of Zeron 100
Super Duplex Stainless Steel in the Fabrication of Thick Walled Pressure Vessel",
28‑30 October 1991, Beaune DSS. Edited by J Charles & S Bernhardsson.
17 . L Van Nassau, K Bekkers, J Hilkes & H Meelker ‑ "Welding Super
Duplex Stainless Steel", Lincoln Norweld/Smitweld NITO conference, Amsterdam,
7&8th February 1989.
16. M R Watts ‑ "Material Development to Meet Today's Demands".
Inspection Repair and Maintenance Conference, Aberdeen 1988. Published in: Anti-Corrosion
36, 2 (1989) : p4.
15A. C V Roscoe, K J Gradwell, M R Watts & W J Nisbet ‑ "In a Class
of its Own: Developments in the use of Stainless Steels for Offshore Pipework Systems",
Stainless Steel '87 Conference, York, 1987, Institute of Metals.
15. C V Roscoe, K J Gradwell, ‑ "Thermal cooling of thick sections in
high alloy duplex stainless steels", Stainless Steels '87, Institute of Metals.
14. C V Roscoe, K J Gradwell, M R Watts and R Whiteley, ‑ "Developments
in the use of high alloy stainless steels for offshore firewater systems".
International Conference on Fire Engineering in Petrochemical and Offshore Applications;
British Hydraulics Research Association 1987.
13. C V Roscoe and K J Gradwell ‑ "Materials for Sea Water and Produced
Water Service Environments" Third Petroleum Congress of Brazil (Oil and Gas
towards the new frontiers) Rio De Janeiro, October 1986.
12. C V Roscoe and K J Gradwell. ‑ "All that Glisters is not Gold: The
History and Development of Duplex Stainless Steels" Duplex Stainless Steel
'86 Proceedings of Conference, The Hague, October 1986.
11. A J Strutt, G W Lorimer, C V Roscoe and K J Gradwell, ‑ "Structure
Property relationships of ZERON 100", Duplex stainless steel '86 proceedings
of Conference, The Hague, October 1986.
10. C V Roscoe and K J Gradwell ‑ "Materials for Seawater and Produced
Water Service Environments". Canadian Region Western Conference, National Association
of Corrosion Engineers ‑ NACE ‑ February 1986.
9. C V Roscoe and K J Gradwell ‑ "Sour Service in the Oil, Gas and Petrochemical
industries". Proceedings of Conference organised by Oyez Scientific and Technical
Services Limited, December 1985.
8. C V Roscoe, K J Gradwell and G W Lorimer ‑ "Structure Property Relationships
in a Series of Duplex Stainless Steels" ‑ Stainless Steels '84 Proceedings
of Goteborg Conference Book No. 320. The Institute of Metals, 1 Carlton House Terrace,
London, SW1Y 5DB, p.563,1985.
7. J Chance, K J Gradwell, W Coop and C V Roscoe ‑ "Structure Property
Relationships in a 25Cr‑7Ni‑2Mo Duplex Stainless Steel Casting Alloy"
‑ Duplex Stainless Steels Conference Proceedings, American Society of Metal,
ASM, Metals/Materials Technology series, Paper (8201‑019) p. 371, 1982.
6. K J Gradwell, J Chance and W Coop ‑ "Materials of Construction of
Fluid Machinery and their influence of design and performance", American Society
of Mechanical Engineering ASME FE‑IC, P 1, November 1981.
5. R Francis ‑ "The Galvanic Corrosion of High Alloy Stainless Steels
in Sea Water"
4. R Francis, J B Irwin, G Byrne & G R Warburton ‑ "The Repassivation
of High Alloy Stainless Steels in Chlorinated Sea Water"
3. R Francis & M Bennett ‑ "Material Selection: How to Achieve the
Most Cost Effective Choice for your Pump"
2. R Francis ‑ "The Performance of Duplex Stainless Steels in Chemical
Environments", NiDI Seminar, Kuala Lumpur, November 1992.
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